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What is the difference between primary cells and cell lines?
A. Primary cells are derived directly from tissue and once in culture, primary cells have a finite lifespan. Primary cells are desirable because they retain many of the markers seen in vivo. A cell line is a population of cells that grow and replicate continuously and has undergone a genetic transformation, resulting in indefinite growth potential. Cell lines have been maintained in vitro for medical and/or research purposes. Cell lines can be cultured through a very high number of subcultures and further genotypic/phenotypic changes may occur at very high passage numbers. In general, cell lines lack many of the markers seen in vivo and also show very different marker profiles than primary cells.